Error code: 80090016 - Trusted Platform Module has malfunctioned
Rename the following folder:
C:\users\$dir\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.AAD.BrokerPlugin_cw5n1h2txyewy
To:
C:\users\$dir\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.AAD.BrokerPlugin_cw5n1h2txyewy.old
*You need to do this with the affected user account logged off. You can log in as a different administrator or do this via network share.
After starting Outlook again you will need to re-enter your password. You may also get an organization prompt, select Yes to "Allow my organization to manage this device".
This method may throw the same TPM error once more but if you ignore it, Outlook should continue to load and will not show the error again.
Repair Your PIN & Picture Password Solution
Warning - Personal data should be backed up and verified before doing the following steps:
Open File Explorer.
Browse to C:\Windows\ServiceProfiles\LocalService\AppData\Local\Microsoft\NGC
Delete everything in this folder.
*If you cannot delete anything due to an administrator error, add .old at the end of the folder name.